Chapter 28: Animals - Protostomes

1. What two groups are protostomes split into?
2. What is the morphological difference between the lophotrochozoa and the ecdysozoa?
3. What is molting? Cuticle? Exoskeleton?
4. What is a lophophore? What is its function? What kind of organisms have lophophores?
5. The arthropod body plan has four unique characteristics. What are they?
6. The mollusk body plan has three unique parts. What are they?
7. What advantage to jointed limbs provide?
8. Why is it said that wings are the most important adaptation in the history of life?
9. Is external fertilization more common among sessile or motile organisms?
10. What group of animals have a cluster of cilia (called a corona) used for swimming and suspension feeding?
11. What two things do all Platyhelminthes have in common?
12. What are the three groups of Platyhelminthes?
13. What group of Platyhelminthes are free living flatworms that are hunters and scavenger in the oceans?
14. Which group of Platyhelminthes are the “moochers of the animals kingdom”? They are endoparasitic tapeworms that lack a mouth and a digestive system.
15. Which group of Platyhelminthes are endoparasites that gulp host tissues, but do have a digestive tract?
16. What are the three groups of Annelida? What do they share in common?
17. What are parapodia?
18. What are chaetae?
19. What group of Annelida have parapodia and chaetae?
20. What group of Annelida have lost their parapodia and have reduced chaetae?
21. What group of Annelida have lost the parapodia and their chaetae?
22. What are the four groups of Mollusca? What do they all have in common?
23. What group of organisms are suspension feeders with 2 shells on a hinge?
24. Which of the bivalves burrow?
25. Which of the bivalves are attached to a substrate?
26. Which of the bivalves are mobile?
27. What group of organisms have a large muscular foot and radula but lack a shell?
28. What group of organisms have a large muscular foot and radula with a shell of 8 plates?
29. What four groups of organisms do the cephalopoda include?
30. What characteristics to all cephalopods have in common?
31. What is a common name for the Nematoda?
32. What are the most abundant animals on earth (in terms of numbers of organisms)?
33. What are the most species diverse animals on earth?
34. What group of organisms have segmented bodies and limbs, but lack jointed limbs and an exoskeleton, are microscopic and feed by sucking fluids living on the floor of aquatic environments?
35. Why are members of the Tardigrada so amazing?
36. What is the common name for members of the Onychophora?
37. What are the characteristics of memebers of the Onychophora?
38. List 6 characteristics that members of the Arthropoda share?
39. What are the four groups of Arthropoda?
40. What are members of the Myriapoda better known as?
41. How can you differentiate between a millipede and a centipede? List two ways.
42. Insects have 3 tagmata. What are they?
43. What structures are on the head of insects?
44. What are the common names of members of the Chelicerata?
45. Members of the Chelicerata have 2 tagmata. What are they?
46. What characteristics to members of the Chelicerata all share incommon?
47. What is a chelicerae? What is it used for?
48.  What are the common names of members of Crustacea?
49. What characteristics to members of the Crustacea all share in common?