Growth, tissue repair, and asexual reproduction.

Simple cell division in prokaryotes where the cell splits into two identical cells.

Interphase, mitosis (M phase), and cytokinesis.

Interphase.

G1 phase of interphase.

Mitosis (M phase).

S phase of interphase.

Cytokinesis.

S phase of interphase.

During G1 phase, before condensation in prophase.

G1 (growth), S (DNA synthesis), G2 (preparation for mitosis).

S phase of interphase.

G1 and G2 phases of interphase.

Centromere region: where sister chromatids attach
Kinetochore: protein complex on centromere
Kinetochore spindle fibers: microtubules attaching to kinetochores
Sister chromatids: identical DNA copies

Two identical copies of a chromosome connected at the centromere.

Organize spindle fibers during mitosis.

Pull sister chromatids apart toward opposite poles.

Centrioles and kinetochores.

Prophase → Metaphase → Anaphase → Telophase.

Interphase (G1, S, G2).

Prophase.

Prophase.

Prophase.

Prometaphase.

Prometaphase.

Metaphase.

Imaginary plane at the center of the cell where chromosomes align.

Metaphase.

Metaphase.

Anaphase.

Anaphase.

Sister chromatids that have separated during anaphase.

Anaphase and telophase.

Telophase.

Telophase.

Telophase.

Division of cytoplasm to form two daughter cells.

Cleavage furrow: pinches animal cells.
Cell plate: forms a new cell wall in plant cells.