Chapter 12: Mendel's Experiments and Heredity

1. What is the principle of segregation?
2. What is the principle of independent assortment?
3. Why did Mendel study the pea?
4. What question was Mendel trying to address?
5. What hypothesis was he testing?
6. Why is it important to self-pollinate a plant when study the inheritance of traits from one generation to the next?
7. How did Mendel cross-pollinate his peas?
8. What is a phenotype? Genotype?
9. What is a P generation? F1 generation? F2 generation?
10. What was the expected results for the blending inheritance hypothesis from a cross between a pure line of one trait with a pure line of another trait (i.e. wrinkled seeds X round seeds)?
11. What were the results of Mendel’s 1st experiment? Did they support the blending inheritance hypotheisis?
12. What is a dominant allele?
13. What is a recessive allele?
14. Why did Mendel find a 3:1 ratio of phenotypic characteristics in his F2 generations?
15. When cross a homozygous recessive genotype with a homozygous dominant genotype, what is the expected phenotypic ratio of the F1 generation? What is the expected genotypic ratio of the F1 generation? What is the expected phenotypic ratio of the F2 generation? What is the expected genotypic ratio of the F2 generation?
16. What is a Punnett square used for?
17. Construct a Punnett square for this genotypic cross: Aa X aa.
18. Construct a Punnett square for a cross of cow that is heterozygous and has black spots with a cow that is homozygous recessive and is pure white? What would be the phenotypic ratio of the F1 generation? What would be the genotypic ratio of the F1 generation?
19. Be able to construct a dihybrid cross (i.e. AaBb X aaBB).
20. Did Mendel find out that alleles were dependently (or independently) assorted. What was his evidence?
21. What are the four aspects of Mendel’s model of inheritance?
22. What is incomplete dominance? How would you know a trait has incomplete dominance?
23. What is codominance? How would you know a trait is codominant?
24. What is the difference between codominant and incomplete dominant?