It produces haploid gametes for sexual reproduction, maintaining chromosome number and generating genetic variation.

A segment of DNA that codes for a specific trait.

Typically two (one from each parent), though multiple alleles can exist in a population.

Different versions of the same gene.

A visual profile of an organism’s chromosomes arranged in pairs.

Diploid (2n): two sets of chromosomes. Haploid (n): one set of chromosomes.

Pairs of chromosomes with the same genes, one from each parent.

A paired set of homologous chromosomes, each with two sister chromatids.

Gametes are sex cells (sperm or egg) and are haploid.

Sperm determines sex because it carries either an X or Y chromosome.

46 chromosomes (23 pairs).

23 from each parent.

Chromosomes that determine an individual’s sex (X or Y).

Meiosis I: Homologous chromosomes separate → haploid cells.
Meiosis II: Sister chromatids separate → 4 haploid daughter cells.

One chromosome in a homologous pair.

Identical copies of a chromosome joined at a centromere.

Chromatids that have separated and are considered individual chromosomes.

Four genetically unique haploid gametes.

Fusion of sperm and egg → diploid zygote.

Prophase I (and Prophase II).

Prophase I (and Prophase II).

Prophase I.

Prophase I during replication, before crossing over.

Anaphase I.

Prophase I.

Metaphase I.

Anaphase I.

Metaphase II.

Metaphase II.

Anaphase II.

Anaphase II.

Telophase I and Telophase II.

1. Meiosis: 2 divisions, Mitosis: 1 division.
2. Meiosis produces haploid cells, Mitosis produces diploid.
3. Meiosis increases genetic variation; Mitosis does not.

Exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids during Prophase I.

Chromosomes that have new combinations of alleles after crossing over.