Chapter 15: Evolution on a small scale

1. What is a gene pool?
2. In directional selection, does the mean and/or the variance of the value of a trait change?
3. In stabilizing selection, does the mean and/or the variance of the value of a trait change?
4. In disruptive selection, does the mean and/or the variance of the value of a trait change?
5. If the frequency of one allele increases, is that directional, stabilizing, or disruptive selection?
6. If disadvantageous alleles are lost, is that directional, stabilizing, or disruptive selection?
7. Island dwarfism is example of which: directional, stabilizing, or disruptive selection?
8. If intermediate traits have higher fitness, is that directional, stabilizing, or disruptive selection?
9. If extreme phenotypes have higher fitness than intermediate ones, is that directional, stabilizing, or disruptive selection?
10. What is genetic drift?
11. In genetic drift, what is the cause of the change in allele frequencies?
12. Is genetic drift more of a factor in large or small populations?
13. What is the founder effect?
14. How can the founder effect determine the outcome of genetic drift?
15. What are population bottlenecks?
16. How can population bottlenecks affect genetic drift?
17. What are two causes of population bottlenecks?
18. What is gene flow?
19. Which one of the following can not lead to speciation: high mutation levels, genetic drift, extreme population bottleneck, increased gene flow?
20. What are mutations?
21. What is the only way new alleles are created?
22. Mutations are _____ with respect to fitness.
23. What is the primary evolutionary force for unicellular organisms?
24. Are most mutations beneficial or detrimental?
25. When does sexual selection occur?
26. Sexual selection is a special form of _______.
27. Are males or females typically the ones doing the sexual selection? Why? What is the theory?
28. Why do males fight more than females?
29. What is sexual dimorphism and why does it exist?